Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is among the most common viruses affecting millions worldwide. While many HPV infections go away on their own, some strains of the virus can result in cervical cancer in women. Cervical cancer is a serious issue and potentially life-threatening disease, but fortunately, there are preventive measures available. 

Understanding HPV and Cervical Cancer

HPV is a group of more than 200 viruses, some transmitted through sexual contact. Many sexually active people will get this virus infection at some point in their lives, while in many cases, the infection clears up on its own without causing any symptoms. However, persistent infection with certain high-risk strains of HPV can result in the development of cervical cancer over time.

Cervical cancer affects the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, and is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. It often develops slowly, starting with precancerous changes (morphologic changes) in the cervix cells that can be detected through regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV tests. If left untreated, these precancerous changes can progress to invasive cervical cancer, which can be life-threatening.

HPV Vaccine

HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer and other less common cancers caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Other than cancer, HPV can cause genital warts and other health problems. It spreads easily through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, sometimes without showing symptoms, which can lead to unknowingly passing it on to others. Fortunately, safe and efficient vaccines are accessible for both females and males, guarding against several common strains of HPV and associated health risks.

HPV vaccines in India

The FDA and CDC in India approve two HPV vaccines: Cervarix and Gardasil. Both vaccines work well against HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most cervical cancers, protecting women from this disease. They are safe and made from small parts of HPV that can't make you sick. You get them as shots, usually needing 2 or 3 doses. Only Gardasil stops HPV types 6 and 11, which cause most genital warts in both males and females. It's the only one approved for males and has been tested to prevent cancers in the vulv@, v@gina, and @nus. These vaccines have different adjuvants, which help boost the body's immune response.

Gardasil Vaccination

Gardasil vaccine is used to protect against certain strains of HPV that are commonly associated with cervical cancer, other HPV-related cancers, and genital warts. The vaccine acts by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can fight against the virus if a person is exposed to it in the future.

Gardasil injection is recommended for both genders around the age of 11 or 12 years before they become sexually active and are potentially exposed to HPV. The vaccine is typically administered in two or three doses over several months, depending on the age of the individual receiving it.

Importance of Vaccination and Screening

Vaccination with Gardasil is a critical step in preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. Through vaccination, individuals can lower their risk of HPV and the development of cervical cancer later in life. Gardasil vaccination protects the vaccinated individual and helps herd immunity, reducing the overall prevalence rate of HPV in the population.

Regular screenings, along with vaccination, are essential for the early detection of cervical cancer and its precancerous changes before they transform into a metastatic stage. Pap smears and HPV tests can detect all the abnormal cells in the cervix before they develop into cancer. It allows for early intervention and treatment. It is recommended that women begin regular cervical cancer screenings starting at age 21 or earlier if they are at higher risk.

Conclusion

HPV is a common virus that can result in cervical cancer in women, but with vaccination and regular screenings, the risk of developing cervical cancer can be significantly reduced. Gardasil vaccination is a safe and effective way to protect against HPV infection and its associated health risks. By taking proactive steps to vaccinate and screen for cervical cancer, individuals can safeguard their health and well-being for years to come.