Conductivity sensors are devices designed to measure the electrical conductivity of a solution, which is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Here's an overview of conductivity sensors based on the provided search results:

Definition and Principle:Conductivity is the measure of a solution's ability to pass or carry an electric current. It is derived from Ohm's Law, where conductivity is the reciprocal of the resistance of a solution between two electrodes .
Conductivity sensors work by applying an alternating electrical current to the sensor electrodes immersed in a solution and measuring the resulting voltage. The solution acts as the electrical conductor between the sensor electrodes .

Types of Conductivity Sensors:There are two basic sensor styles: Contacting and Inductive (Toroidal, Electrodeless). Contacting sensors measure conductivity by applying an alternating current to the electrodes in the solution, while Inductive sensors do not come in direct contact with the process and use electromagnetic fields .

What Makes a Solution Conductive:Ions present in the liquid, such as Na, Ca, Cl, H, OH, are responsible for carrying the electric current. Conductivity responds to all ionic content and cannot distinguish particular conductive materials in the presence of others .

Conclusion:Conductivity sensors are crucial instruments employed in various fields to measure the electrical conductivity of solutions. They provide valuable insights into the concentration of ions within a solution, allowing for the assessment of water quality, monitoring of industrial processes, and contribution to environmental and scientific research .

This summary provides a comprehensive introduction to conductivity sensors, their working principles, types, applications, and considerations in their use.